19^th Annual Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Sciences Congress March 25-26, 2019 Hong Kong

Drug development is the process of developing a new drug and bringing to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. This process involves a specific pre-clinical development process and testing, followed by trials in humans to determine the efficacy of the drug.

Pharmacology is the scientific study of drug action on biological systems. It is the study of the interactions between a living organism and drugs, defined as the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs.

Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms. The scientific study of adverse effects is that occur in the living organisms due to the chemicals. It has a key role in the development of new drugs, which are evaluated for potential toxic effects in preclinical studies, clinical trials and post-marketing studies with the aim of ensuring that their benefits outweigh their risks.

Pharmacovigilance is also known as drug safety, and it is  the practice of monitoring the effects of medical drugs after they have been licensed for use, especially in order to identify and evaluate previously unreported adverse drug reactions

Biopharmaceutical Science contains study of the drug discovery and their development, and along with their properties, both physical and chemical. It also deals with the biological effects of the drugs like onset and duration of action along with their intensity in the body. Biopharmaceutics help in calculating the bioavailability and therapeutic activity of the drugs in the body.

The branch of genetics concerned with determining the likely response of an individual to therapeutic drugs. Its name reflects it’s combining of pharmacology and genomics. It deals with the influences such as acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination), as well as drug receptor target effects.

Analytical and Bio analytical Techniques in which it includes analytical methods used for the characterization, release, and stability testing for chemical compounds and for new drugs also as well as the biotechnological/biological products and related to sciences and pharma.

Pharmacognosy the branch concerned with medicinal drugs obtained from plants or other natural sources. It is also defined as the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances which are origin from natural sources.

Phytochemistry is in the study of phytochemicals in plants and other natural sources. Phytochemicals are chemicals derived from plants. In other words the terms are often used to describe the large number of primary and secondary metabolic compounds found in plants. Phytochemicals have properties such as protection against insect attacks and diseases. They also exhibit a number of protective functions for human beings also.

Preformulation begins when a newly produced drug shows the sufficient pharmacologic promise in the animal models to warrant evaluation in the man. And these studies mainly focus on physicochemical properties of the new compound that could affect drug performance such as action and also in drug development.

Industrial Pharmacy mainly deals with the drug research, design, development and also testing, treatments of new medicines, and more over ensuring safety and quality of drugs. And it includes areas relates to different functions in the pharmaceutical industry and having contact with the areas like engineering and economics.

Nanotechnology is a new approach to problem solving and can be considered as a collection of tools and ideas which can be applied in pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology mainly deals with the emerging new technologies in drug developing customized solutions for drug delivery systems. In addition to this the drug delivery system also allows the drug to bind to its target receptor and influence that receptor’s signalling and activity.

Medicinal chemistry mainly deals with the drug design, optimization and development of chemical compounds. This field includes multidisciplinary topic such as synthesis of potential drugs followed by studies investigating their interactions with biological targets to understand the medicinal effects of the drug, its metabolism and side-effects.

Clinical pharmacy is the area of pharmacy concerned with the science and practice of rational medication use. And it includes the provision of patient care with the use of medications to optimize the health outcomes of patients.

Healthcare Management is a different system in the management industry. In which it deals with the different field relating to leadership, management, administration of hospitals, hospital networks, etc. in Hospital Management it is a facility that the services are provided to the hospitals and patients.